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Ecoregions in Poland
Poland is part of two global ecoregions as defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), which is an international non-governmental organization (NGO) with a branch in Poland; working on issues regarding the conservation, research and protection of the environment. The two global habitat types extending into the country are the European-Mediterranean Montane Mixed Forests, as well as the Northeast Atlantic Shelf Marine ecoregion, encircling all of Continental Europe.
==Classification==
Most of Poland is covered by the deciduous woodlands, known as the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests; a vegetation zone also referred to as the Central European mixed forest, designated PA0412. It is identified as one of three Palearctic ecoregion zones of the European continent present in the country. The geographic location of the continental ''mixed forest'' life zone, spans all the way from Lithuania to Romania in the south, and Germany to western Russia in the east.〔 Meanwhile, the north-western part of Poland belongs to the Palearctic Northern European temperate broadleaf and mixed forests eco-zone (PA0405), known also as the Baltic mixed forest, extending across the sea up to Sweden and Denmark. Part of Poland's habitat is made up of the temperate coniferous forest (PA0504) as well, but only around the mountains. It is known as the Carpathian montane conifer forest.〔
In total, the ''temperate broadleaf and mixed forest'' of Europe is 282,300 square miles in size, with a status of the critical/endangered ecoregion featuring one of the last herds of European bison known as wisent, the heaviest surviving wild land animal on the continent, grazing the protected Białowieża Forest (''Puszcza Białowieska'') of north-eastern Poland.〔 Historically, the wisent's range encompassed all lowlands of Europe, extending from the Massif Central to the Caucasus. Its range decreased as growing human populations cut down trees. The European bison became extinct in southern Sweden in the 11th century, and southern England in the 12th century. The species survived in the Ardennes and the Vosges until the 15th century before being hunted to extinction. In mid-16th century King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland pronounced a death penalty for poaching a European bison in Białowieża.〔 Despite these measures, its population continued to decline. During World War I, occupying German troops killed 600 wisent for food, hides, and horns. The last wild European bison in Poland was killed in 1919. They were reintroduced from captivity.〔Zdzsław Pucek, (''European Bison (Bison Bonasus): Current State of the Species and Strategy for Its Conservation'' ) published by Council of Europe, 2004, ISBN 92-871-5549-6, 978-92-871-5549-8〕 There are also pockets of the Western European broadleaf forests in Poland (PA0445) centered around the Upper Rhine; such as, in the area of the Polish Jura.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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